Ovarian cysts and infertility: A connection?

Is there a link between ovarian cysts and infertility?

Answer From Tatnai Burnett, M.D.

Some cysts that form in an ovary or on its surface are linked with lower chances of becoming pregnant. But it depends on the type of ovarian cyst you have.

Ovarian cysts that can affect your fertility include:

• Endometriomas. Endometriomas (en-doe-me-tree-O-muhs) are cysts caused by an often-painful condition called endometriosis. With endometriosis, tissue that is similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. Endometrioma cysts may be linked with trouble becoming pregnant.
• Ovarian cysts resulting from polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition marked by many small cysts on the ovaries. It also involves periods that aren’t regular and high levels of certain hormones. PCOS may lead to less frequent ovulation. Ovulation is the phase of the menstrual cycle when an ovary releases an egg. If ovulation isn’t regular, it may play a role in some people’s fertility issues.

These types of ovarian cysts generally don’t affect fertility:

• Functional cysts. Functional cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst. They form during a regular menstrual cycle, and they don’t cause or play a part in infertility. In fact, getting functional cysts means that the key functions leading to fertility are taking place.
• Cystadenomas. Cystadenomas (sis-tad-uh-NO-muhs) are growths that arise from the outer surface of the ovaries. Cystadenomas may need treatment if they grow too large. But they don’t affect fertility.
• Dermoid cysts. These cysts usually contain both tissue and fluid. The tissue can include skin, hair or even teeth. But dermoid cysts aren’t linked with infertility.

If you learn that you have an ovarian cyst and you’re concerned about becoming pregnant, talk with your healthcare professional. Your healthcare professional can tell you about treatment options that may boost your chances of pregnancy.