{"id":10082,"date":"2024-02-20T20:09:55","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T13:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/?p=10082"},"modified":"2024-02-20T20:09:55","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T13:09:55","slug":"the-neurotoxin-in-star-fruit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/?p=10082","title":{"rendered":"The Neurotoxin in Star Fruit\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Starfruit contains a neurotoxin known as caramboxin that can cause irreversible brain damage at high enough doses.\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>If someone walks into the emergency room with intractable hiccups, one of the questions the ER physician should ask is: <em>Have you been eating star fruit?<\/em>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>In my video cautioning about oxalate-rich foods, <a href=\"https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/video\/kidney-stones-and-spinach-chard-and-beet-greens-dont-eat-too-much\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Kidney Stones and Spinach, Chard, and Beet Greens: Don\u2019t Eat Too Much<\/strong><\/a>, I <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30348106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talked<\/a> about star fruit nephrotoxicity\u2014that is, kidney toxicity. \u201cExcessive consumption of star fruit has been associated with the development of oxalate nephropathy,\u201d kidney damage. Star fruits aren\u2019t that big. Less than a cup of star fruit juice or \u201cthree fruits of star fruit\u201d can result in acute star fruit nephrotoxicity. Indeed, \u201cingestion of even modest quantities of star fruits can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17136702\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produce<\/a> oxalate nephropathy\u201d (kidney problems). \u201cIt is essential to <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30348106\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prevent<\/a> star fruit nephrotoxicity by educating the public and especially diabetics to avoid consuming star fruit, especially on an empty stomach or in a dehydrated state.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>Let\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25949386\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talk<\/a> about the neurotoxicity. As I discuss in my video <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/video\/neurotoxicity-effects-of-star-fruit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neurotoxicity Effects of Starfruit<\/a><\/strong>, we\u2019ve known about the neurotoxic effects for more than a quarter century, but few seem to be familiar with the syndrome. As you can see below and at 1:17 in my <a href=\"https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/video\/neurotoxicity-effects-of-star-fruit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>video<\/strong><\/a>, it most commonly <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28443386\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">starts<\/a> with hiccups, then can worsen rapidly, especially in those who already have compromised kidney function. Why? Because \u201cthis fruit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9550629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contains<\/a> a powerful neurotoxin that can accumulate in the blood, cross the blood\u2013brain barrier\u2026and eventually cause irreversible damage\u201d to the brain. The toxin itself, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24281890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">named<\/a> caramboxin, is normally <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22410650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">excreted<\/a> by the kidneys, so it is especially toxic to those with renal insufficiency\u2014that is, compromised kidney function\u2014so much so that for those with severe chronic kidney disease, a single-star fruit can <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dat.20284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put<\/a> someone in seizures within three hours, a coma, then death within three days.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-101081\" src=\"https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1.png 1920w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-960x540.png 960w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-480x270.png 480w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-1200x675.png 1200w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-720x405.png 720w, https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-17-1-540x304.png 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\"\/><br \/>In a series of about a hundred cases of toxicity, consumption <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28443386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ranged<\/a> between just half a star fruit up to 50 star fruits, with an average of about 4, but most of those participants had some sort of pre-existing kidney disease. The average number of star fruits eaten by those in the normal kidney function group before their toxic dose was more like 15. So, people with normal kidney function may be more likely to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30348106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suffer<\/a> from kidney damage than brain damage, which starts with the consumption of around four star fruit.\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>The bottom line is that those with chronic kidney disease should <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20561840\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">avoid<\/a> star fruit to avoid severe intoxication. In Brazil, where the fruit is popular, there are laws to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26648489\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alert<\/a> people about the risks. Because of its neurotoxins, star fruit should be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26154645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prohibited<\/a> for patients with chronic kidney disease, but even those with normal kidney function may want to avoid the fruit\u2014just something to think about before you reach for the stars.\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>For more on kidney health, see related videos below.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"et_social_bottom_trigger\"\/>  <\/div>\n<p><script>\n            !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n            {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n                n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n            if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n            n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n            t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];\n            s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n                'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n            fbq('init', '1582627921973608');\n            fbq('track', 'PageView');\n        <\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1675549\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Starfruit contains a neurotoxin known as caramboxin that can cause irreversible brain damage at high enough doses.\u00a0\u00a0If someone walks into the emergency room with intractable hiccups, one of the questions the ER physician should ask is: Have you been eating star fruit?\u00a0\u00a0In my video cautioning about oxalate-rich foods, Kidney Stones and Spinach, Chard, and Beet &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10082"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10082\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/loudhdtv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}